精细陶瓷(高级陶瓷、高级工业陶瓷)半导体光催化材料抗菌活性的试验方法

时间:2015-04-16 22:22:13 来源:ISO 点击量:

 

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ISO 27447:2019
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for antibacterial activity of semiconducting photocatalytic materials
 
Introduction
This document was developed for antibacterial activity as a result of continuing efforts to provide test methods for photocatalytic materials. However, antibacterial activity cannot be measured for test pieces with permeable or rough surfaces, so other test methods are required.
Under the irradiation of photons, photocatalysts show diverse functions, such as the decomposition of air and water contaminants, as well as deodorization, self-cleaning, antifogging and antibacterial actions. These functions of photocatalysts are generally based on the action of active oxygen species such as hydroxyl (OH) radicals formed on the surface of a photocatalyst (References [14] and [15]). The energy- and labour-saving nature of photocatalysis has attracted keen interest when the photocatalyst is activated by sunlight (or artificial lighting).
Practical applications of photocatalysts for both indoor and outdoor use have rapidly expanded in recent years. Many kinds of photocatalytic materials have been proposed or are already commercialized, based on ceramics, glass, concrete, plastics or paper. Such materials are produced by either the coating or mixing of a photocatalyst; in most cases, titanium dioxide (TiO2).
However, the effect of photocatalysis is not easily inspected visually, and no appropriate or official evaluation methods have been available to date. Some confusion has thus arisen as photocatalytic materials have been introduced. Furthermore, the above-mentioned diverse functions of photocatalysts cannot be evaluated with a single method; thus, it is necessary to provide different evaluation methods for air purification, water decontamination and self-cleaning.
This document applies to the testing of the antibacterial activity of photocatalytic ceramics and other materials produced by either the coating or the mixing of a photocatalyst. Standards for testing the antifungal activity that use photocatalytic materials will be developed separately.
WARNING Handling and manipulation of microorganisms that are potentially hazardous requires a high degree of technical competence. Only personnel trained in microbiological techniques should carry out tests.
 
1   Scope
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the antibacterial activity of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic films on the surface, by measuring the enumeration of bacteria under irradiation of ultraviolet light.
This document is intended for use with different kinds of semiconducting photocatalytic materials used in construction materials in flat sheet, board, plate shape or textiles that are the basic forms of materials for various applications. It does not include powder, granular or porous photocatalytic materials.
This test method is usually applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for antibacterial effect. Other types of performance of photocatalytic materials, i.e. antifungal activity, antiviral activity, decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging and air purification, are not determined by this method.
The values expressed in this document are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI).
2   Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10677, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Ultraviolet light source for testing semiconducting photocatalytic materials
ISO 80000-1, Quantities and units — Part 1: General
3   Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
photocatalyst
substance that carries out many functions based on oxidization and reduction reactions under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, including decomposition and removal of air and water contaminants, deodorization, and antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, self-cleaning and antifogging actions
3.2
photocatalytic material
material in which or on which the photocatalyst is added by coating, impregnation or mixing
Note 1 to entry: Photocatalytic materials are to be used for building and road construction materials to obtain the functions mentioned in 3.1.
3.3
antibacterial
condition inhibiting the growth of bacteria on the surface of flat surface materials or cloths
3.4
photocatalyst antibacterial activity value for film cover method
difference between the logarithms of the total number of viable bacteria on photocatalytic treated materials after UV irradiation and on non-treated materials after UV irradiation
Note 1 to entry: This value includes the decrease in the number of bacteria without UV irradiation.
3.5
photocatalyst antibacterial activity value for glass cover method
difference between the logarithms of the total number of viable bacteria on photocatalytic treated cloths after UV irradiation and on standard cloths after UV irradiation
Note 1 to entry: This value includes the decrease in the number of bacteria without UV irradiation.
3.6
photocatalyst antibacterial activity value with UV irradiation for film cover method
difference between the logarithms of the total number of viable bacteria on photocatalytic treated materials after UV irradiation and on photocatalytic treated materials kept in a dark place
3.7
photocatalyst antibacterial activity value with UV irradiation for glass cover method
difference between the logarithms of the total number of viable bacteria on photocatalytic treated cloths after UV irradiation and on photocatalytic treated cloths kept in a dark place
3.8
film cover method
test method to evaluate the antibacterial performance of photocatalytic flat surface materials
3.9
glass cover method
test method to evaluate antibacterial performance of photocatalytic cloths
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